UV–vis–NIR Absorption Spectroscopy
Absorption measurements are performed using a Cary 5000 UV–vis–NIR spectrometer, covering the wavelength range 175–3300 nm. The instrument features a large sample compartment that accommodates solution, thin-film, and cryostat-based measurements.
Electronic Circular Dichroism (ECD) and Optical Rotatory Dispersion (ORD)
ECD and ORD spectra are recorded using an Applied Photophysics Chirascan Plus spectrometer, operating over the 180–1150 nm range, equipped with a Peltier temperature-controlled cell holder to ensure stable measurement conditions.
Infrared (IR) and Vibrational Circular Dichroism (VCD)
VCD and IR absorption spectra are obtained using two complementary setups. The BioTools ChiralIR-2X Dual PEM spectrometer enables VCD measurements in the 800–4000 cm⁻¹ range, employing dual photoelastic modulators for enhanced polarization control. A Bruker Vertex FTIR spectrometer equipped with a PMA42 VCD module provides an alternative configuration for IR and VCD studies within the same spectral window, offering flexibility in sample environments and cross-validation of results.
Raman and Raman Optical Activity (ROA)
Raman and ROA spectra are acquired using multiple systems. The BioTools ChiralRaman spectrometer operates with a 532 nm excitation source, optimized for both solution and solid samples. A home-built multiwavelength scattered circular polarization (SCP) ROA spectrometer extends these capabilities by allowing flexible excitation wavelength selection for wavelength-dependent chiroptical studies. High-resolution Raman measurements are conducted using an S&I TriVista Raman spectrometer, comprising a double-stage 500 mm Czerny–Turner monochromator for bandpass selection and a 750 mm Czerny–Turner monochromator for spectral imaging.