The Portugal water basin is a 221 ha agrosilvopastoral state property, part of LTER (LTER_EU_PT_003), thus having historical climate and water level data, and permanent connections to stakeholders. It has a Mediterranean climate (mean average annual rainfall 500 mm; mean annual temperature 16°C) and an altitude from 150 to 240 m asl. Its main ES are cork and science, besides biodiversity support. It encompasses a head-water basin, with one permanent stream and multiple temporary small tributaries. Thirteen NBS (retention basins), have been built to increase local water availability to animals and plants, and to increase water infiltration to the aquifer. These will be the focus of RECHARGE, comparing independent sections of the streams with and without NBS.