Research team

Students Throughout the School Career: (Assessment) Instruments and Scenarios for the Monitoring of Academic and Cognitive Skills 15/12/2025 - 14/12/2026

Abstract

The systematic monitoring of students' cognitive skills, academic performance, and learning gains constitutes a fundamental component of high-quality education (systems). From the very start of their educational trajectory – beginning with entry into pre-primary education and continuing up to the transition into higher education – students pass through diverse developmental phases in which their cognitive capacities and academic performance manifest in varying ways. Monitoring students' academic and cognitive skills not only provides valuable insights into individual learning processes but also serves as an important source of information for policymakers and school teams. In contemporary education policy, the importance of monitoring students throughout their educational careers is therefore increasingly emphasised. Indeed, monitoring represents an essential link within the broader framework of evaluation and self-evaluation, contributing both to the development and to the accountability of teaching and learning. Although a wide range of standardised (test) instruments has become available in Flanders, a comprehensive and integrated overview of their objectives, scope, and mutual complementarity is still lacking. This fragmented situation potentially results in redundancies or gaps, insufficient alignment, increased administrative workload for schools, and suboptimal use of the available data. Against this backdrop, the present project aims to provide Flemish policymakers with well-founded guidance for optimising the monitoring of students' academic and cognitive skills across their entire educational pathway. The project pursues three main objectives. First, it compiles a systematic inventory of the (test) instruments currently available and used in Flanders to assess students' academic and cognitive skills, from entry into pre-primary education through to the transition to higher education. Second, the study documents and analyses how these (test) instruments relate to one another in terms of design, analytical methods, data management, and feedback mechanisms. This analysis yields insights into overlaps, complementarities, and existing gaps. Third, the project develops future scenarios for a more coherent and efficient monitoring approach. These scenarios are informed by international cases. To assess which optimisations or innovations are both practically feasible and policy-relevant, the scenarios are subjected to ex ante evaluation by key stakeholders according to criteria such as effectiveness, proportionality, institutional commitment, and legal compliance. This study thus produces a comprehensive overview of the (test) instruments that exist and are being used within the Flemish education system to assess students' academic and cognitive skills, as well as their interrelations. By formulating evidence-based recommendations, it contributes to the policy-oriented preparation of an integrated monitoring system that not only reduces redundancies and administrative burdens but also enhances the usability and valorisation of assessment data. In doing so, the project provides a substantiated and societally relevant contribution to the further development of Flemish education policy.

Researcher(s)

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

  • Research Project

A validation study of the Teacher Judgement Inventory. 01/04/2019 - 30/03/2020

Abstract

Background The quality of teacher judgement highly influences the extent to which education can provide equal and excellent chances for all pupils. An important precondition is fair teacher judgement, free of (confirmation) bias. Since our society is getting more and more diverse, teachers need to be able to assess a super diverse group of pupils with differing cultures, social and economic backgrounds and talents. The pitfall is that teachers may intuitively rely on a rather traditional interpretative framework, whereby pupils are sorted in educational tracks that do not coincide with their intrinsic competences. Although teachers often exercise great autonomy with regard to high-stakes decisions such as promotion or retention, so far there is little theory on teacher judgement. Based on a longitudinal qualitative doctoral research, we developed a theoretical model that proved to be a valuable lens to study teacher judgement, taking into account the interplay of rational and intuitive processes as well as conditions to prevent decision bias. Rational processes are defined as deliberate and systematic, when a problem is diagnosed and data are collected, analysed and interpreted based on objective criteria. Intuitive processes are conceptualised as automatic recognition of cues, based on experience, without a deliberate and systematic collection and analyses of data. Our results showed that intuitive processes influence the final decision on promotion or retention to a great extent. We found evidence that stereotyping and self-fulfilling prophecies resulted in an orientation to a lower educational track. Purpose Given the impact of teacher judgement on pupils' educational trajectories and the findings that intuition still influences teachers' decisions to a great extent, it is important to validate this theoretical model on a larger scale. We want to develop and validate a survey based on our results with the aim of enhancing the quality of teachers' decisions on promotion or retention in practice. Within the international research community, there is a need for a survey that can be used to study teacher judgement. Importance BOF KP This budget provides me with the opportunity to validate the results of my doctoral research, invest in international collaboration and develop future lines of research. The validated survey is an important starting point for a large scale educational research in Flanders for which an FWO-proposal is being developed.

Researcher(s)

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

  • Research Project