This research line focuses on the application of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in mainly mood disorders. Clinical outcome predictors and effectiveness on several symptom clusters, but also neurobiological underpinnings are investigated. Our most recent topics in the field of ECT are mainly clinical attempting to improve ECT practice, and are investigated in multi-centre studies. State-of-the-art neuroimaging techniques, such as resting-state FMRI, DTI, and volumetric assessments of grey matter, are utilized to explore the neurobiological foundations of ECT. For rTMS, we are currently looking at the potential role of the immune system in its effect in bipolar depression.