The project relies on two large scale data-collections hosted by the University of Antwerp. The POLPOP I Elite Survey and the POLPOP I Citizen Survey. Both datasets were conducted in Canada, Flanders (Belgium), Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland and, Wallonia (Belgium). The data collection of Belgian citizens was conducted by SSI, Swiss citizens were surveyed by Centre de competence Suisse en Science Sociales (FORS), the German citizen survey was conducted by YouGov, the Canadian citizen survey was fielded by Qualtrics, and data on Dutch citizens was obtained from the I&O research panel. The elite data was collected by all partner universities. More information can be found in the elite codebook and citizens codebook.