Abstract
This project examines how compensation for harmed consumers in Belgium can be strengthened by analysing existing enforcement mechanisms and comparing them with innovative approaches in Germany, Sweden and the Netherlands. Although EU law requires effective remedies, Belgian consumers still face structural obstacles, such as high litigation costs and insufficiently developed individual, collective, and out-of-court redress mechanisms. The research first maps Belgian compensation mechanisms in theory and practice through doctrinal and empirical analysis. It then conducts a functional comparative study of three Member States that are pioneers in well-functioning ADR systems, public commitments, effective collective actions, and emerging digital or AI-driven procedures. By applying the same effectiveness parameters, the project generates comparable data on what works and under which conditions. Finally, the findings translate into concrete proposals to reform Belgian law, balancing improved consumer compensation with the right to a fair trial and the interests of businesses. The project delivers an innovative model for evaluating compensation mechanisms and evidence-based reforms capable of reducing consumer harm in Belgium.
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