Interest group mobilisation across the EU policy cycle 01/07/2026 - 30/06/2030

Abstract

Research on interest group lobbying in the European Union has largely analysed isolated stages of the policy process, limiting our understanding of how organised interests engage across the full trajectory of EU policymaking. This project reconceptualises lobbying as a continuous, stage-dependent process and examines how interest groups mobilise and act throughout the EU policy cycle, from agenda-setting to policy evaluation. It argues that policy stage is a key structuring condition shaping patterns of mobilisation, strategic behaviour, and political impact. The project pursues three interrelated objectives. First, it investigates when different types of interest groups mobilise across EU policy stages. It expects that some groups concentrate their efforts at early stages to shape EU agenda-setting and policy formulation by the European Commission, while others are more active during legislative decision-making in the European Parliament and the Council, or later in the implementation and evaluation stages involving both EU and national-level authorities. Second, it analyses how lobbying strategies vary across the EU policy cycle. It develops a stage-contingent account of strategy choice, proposing that early stages tend to be characterised by pressure-oriented strategies such as coalition-building and public campaigning, whereas later stages favour more targeted insider strategies, including direct engagement with EU institutions and the provision of technical expertise. Third, the project examines how access and influence are distributed across EU policy stages. It distinguishes between agenda-setting influence, policy influence, and post-adoption influence, showing that patterns of effectiveness vary across stages and institutional venues. By mapping these dynamics across the EU policy cycle, the project provides a systematic account of when and where interest groups are most active and effective, and how inequalities in representation emerge within EU policymaking over time.

Researcher(s)

Research team(s)

Funding

  • BOF

Project type(s)

  • Research Project

Silencing Nightmare Issues: Negative Agenda-Setting by Interest Groups. 01/11/2025 - 31/10/2028

Abstract

Interest groups often face so-called 'nightmare issues'—proposals from other actors that threaten their political interests. Despite the strategic importance of such situations for interest groups, there is limited empirical research on their ability to keep these issues off the formal agenda. This project aims to explain this negative agenda-setting influence of interest groups by: (1) identifying which interest groups are successful in excluding their 'nightmare issues' from the formal agenda, (2) analyzing the lobbying strategies that enable this influence, and (3) examining the issue-specific circumstances under which this influence can be achieved. In doing so, this research advances both interest group and agenda-setting literature by providing insights into why certain issues fail to reach the formal agenda and by shedding light on the role of interest groups in shaping this issue exclusion process. The methodology includes a large-scale survey of approximately 2,000 EU-level interest groups, a content analysis of the European Commission's formal agenda, and interviews with Commission officials. The findings will have significant implications for the functioning of representative democracy, as interest groups' negative agenda-setting influence can profoundly shape future policymaking and potentially undermine the principles of equal representation.

Researcher(s)

Research team(s)

Funding

  • FWO

Project type(s)

  • Research Project