WP3 integrates the results from WP1 and WP2 into a comprehensive framework to evaluate how the water battery functions and how nature-based solutions (NBS) contribute to its performance. The objective is to better understand the links between the geophysical-hydrological system and NBS, and to identify where and how NBS can most effectively address water-related challenges.
Building on harmonised datasets, WP3 develops indicators to assess the performance of NBS in relation to water storage, recharge, and use. These indicators are applied across different scenarios, including current conditions, full implementation of potential NBS, and optimised combinations of NBS, allowing comparison of their effectiveness under varying environmental and management contexts.
The work also evaluates trade-offs between ecosystem services (ES), recognising that the effects of NBS may vary depending on their type and location within the catchment. This enables a more nuanced understanding of how NBS influence multiple ecosystem functions simultaneously.
Based on these insights, WP3 identifies and prioritises locations for additional NBS, taking into account existing pressures and the overall functioning of the water system. The implications of these findings are further assessed in relation to key European policy frameworks, including the Water Framework, Habitats, and Birds Directives.
Overall, WP3 provides a decision-support framework to guide the strategic implementation of NBS, strengthening the role of the water battery in enhancing resilience to drought and other hydrological extremes.